Study of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients of acne vulgaris: a hospital based cross-sectional study

Pramey Deshpande; Rashmi Dodwa; Surendra Singh Bhati; Apurva Mittal

Pramey Deshpande
Rashmi Dodwa DERMATOLOGY RESIDENT
Surendra Singh Bhati
Apurva Mittal

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous units, leading to lesions such as comedones, nodules, and cysts. Although it is most prevalent during adolescence, it affects individuals across all age groups, causing both physical discomfort and psychological distress. Recent research has suggested potential links between acne vulgaris and systemic metabolic disorders, particularly metabolic syndrome.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Index Medical College Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 100 patients aged 18-45 years, clinically diagnosed with acne vulgaris, and 100 age- and sex-matched controls were selected. Detailed history, medical examination, and acne grading (1 to 4) were performed. Laboratory tests included fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL-C), blood pressure (BP) measurement, and waist circumference (WC).

Results: The study population had a mean age of 30.8 years, with a slightly higher female-to-male ratio. A moderate positive correlation between acne severity and triglyceride levels and waist circumference was observed, with both being statistically significant. As acne severity increased, triglyceride levels and waist circumference also tended to increase, indicating a potential association with metabolic syndrome. The study also found that metabolic parameters, rather than demographic or acne-specific factors, were stronger predictors of metabolic syndrome in acne patients.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates a strong statistical link between acne vulgaris and metabolic syndrome prevalence. Significant positive correlations between acne severity and metabolic parameters like triglycerides and waist circumference highlight the importance of monitoring metabolic health in acne patients. These findings suggest that managing metabolic health may reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals with acne vulgaris, improving overall patient outcomes.